Algorithm and Flowchart

Algorithm

Definition:

An algorithm is a finite set of well-defined instructions to solve a problem or perform a computation.

Characteristics:

• Clear and Unambiguous: Each step is precisely defined and understandable.
• Well-Defined Inputs and Outputs: Inputs are specified and outputs are expected.
• Finiteness: An algorithm should terminate after a finite number of steps.
• Feasibility: All operations can be performed within a finite amount of time.
• Independent: An algorithm should have step-by-step directions independent of any programming language.

Representation:

Often represented in pseudocode or structured text format.

Applications:

Used in mathematics, computing, data processing, and automated reasoning.

Examples:

• Sorting algorithms (e.g., Quick Sort, Merge Sort).
• Search algorithms (e.g., Binary Search, Linear Search).

Flowchart

Definition:

A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm or a process, showing the sequence of steps using various symbols.

Symbols:

Oval: Start/End

Rectangle: Process or instruction

Diamond: Decision point (Yes/No)

Parallelogram: Input / Output

Arrow: Direction of flow

Characteristics:

• Visual Clarity: Makes complex processes easy to understand.
• Structured: Shows the sequence of steps clearly.
• Decision Making: Clearly depicts where decisions are made in the process.

Applications:

• System and software design.
• Business process modeling.
• Documentation of processes and workflows.

Examples:

• Flowchart for a simple program to add two numbers.
• Flowchart for a decision-making process in business operations.

Both algorithms and flowcharts are essential tools in problem-solving and process design, providing clarity and structure to the steps involved in accomplishing a task.

Workouts

Problem 1 : Design an algorithm and flow chart to convert temperature Fahrenheit to Celsius.

Algorithm:

Step 1 : START

Step 2 : Input Fahrenheit

Step 3 : Celsius=(Fahrenheit-32)*5/9

Step 4 : Output Celsius

Step 5 : END

Flowchart

Problem 2: Design an algorithm and flow chart to find the largest value of any three numbers.

Algorithm

Step 1 : START

Step 2 : Input a, b &c

Step 3 : if(a>b && a>c)

Output a is largest number

Else if(b>c)

Output b is largest number

Else

Output C is largest number

Step 4 : END

Flowchart

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Problem 3: Draw the flow chart for finding largest of three numbers and write an algorithm and explain it.

Algorithm

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Declare variables a, b, c

Step 3: Read values of a, b, c

Step 4: if a > b

If a > c

Print a is the greatest number

Else

Print c is the greatest number

Else

If b > c

Print b is the greatest number

Else

Print c is the greatest number

Step 5: Stop

Problem 4: Draw the flowchart for the solution of a quadratic equation and write algorithm and explain it.

Algorithm:

Step 1: Input a, b, c

Step 2: d = sqrt (b^2-4*a*c)

Step 3: x1 = (–b + d) / (2 x a)

Step 4: x2 = (–b – d) / (2 x a)

Step 5: Print x1 and x2

FlowChart

Problem 5:Write an algorithm and flowchart to determine whether a given integer is odd or even and explain it.

Algorithm

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Read a

Step 3: Find modules of a by 2 (r = a % 2)

Step 4: If r= 0

Print a is even

Else

Print a is odd

Step 5: stop

Flowchart

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