Control Statement

Control statements in C programming are fundamental constructs that manage the flow of execution in a program. They allow the program to make decisions, execute certain code blocks conditionally, and repeat actions. Here’s an overview of the primary types of control statements in C:

Conditional Statements:

• if statement: Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.
  if (condition) {

      // code to execute if condition is true

  }
• if-else statement: Executes one block of code if the condition is true, and another block if it is false.
  if (condition) {

      // code to execute if condition is true

  } else {

      // code to execute if condition is false

  }
• else-if ladder: Used to test multiple conditions in sequence.
  
  if (condition1) {

      // code to execute if condition1 is true

  } else if (condition2) {

      // code to execute if condition2 is true

  } else {

      // code to execute if all conditions are false

  }

Switch Statement:

A switch statement tests a variable against a list of values (cases) and executes the corresponding block of code.

switch (expression) {

    case value1:

        // code to execute if expression equals value1

        break;

    case value2:

        // code to execute if expression equals value2

        break;

    // more cases...

    default:

        // code to execute if expression does not match any case

}

Looping Statements:

for loop: Repeats a block of code a specified number of times. 

for (initialization; condition; increment) {

    // code to execute for each iteration

}

while loop: Repeats a block of code as long as a specified condition is true.

while (condition) {

    // code to execute as long as condition is true

}

do-while loop: Similar to the while loop, but the block of code is executed at least once before the condition is tested.

do {

    // code to execute

} while (condition);